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NOTE: Please remember that following ‘answers’ are NOT ‘model answers’. They are NOT synopsis too if we go by definition of the term. What we are providing is content that both meets demand of the question and at the same
Topic: Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.
1. Critically analyse the nature and the legacy of the Narmada Bachao Andolan. Do you think it played a part in imparting environmental consciousness to the masses in India? (250 words)
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Insights on India , Indian Express
Why the question:
Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) is an Indian social movement spearheaded by native tribals (adivasis), farmers, environmentalists and human rights activists against a number of large dam projects across the Narmada River.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the nature and legacy of Narmada Bachao Andolan and its impact.
Directive word:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving the aims behind the launch of Narmada Bachao Andolan.
Body:
In the first part, write about the major features of the Narmada Bachao Andolan and its participants and major leaders.
Next, write about the nature and legacy of the Narmada Bachao Andolan as an environmental movement and its role in modern politics. Mention the criticism of the movement.
Next, write about the impact of Narmada Bachao Andolan and its role in generating environmental consciousness in the country.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a balanced opinion.
Introduction
The Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) was a mass movement that began in 1985 to protest against the lack of an appropriate resettlement and rehabilitation (R&R) policy for the more than 250,000 people who faced submergence during the construction of big dams along the Narmada river. Originally named Narmada Dharangrast Samiti or Committee for Narmada Dam-affected people, the movement was renamed NBA in 1989.
Body
Narmada Dam and Andolan
History
Significance of the Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA)
Socio-cultural-
One of the unintended consequences of the NBA was that it divided the Gujarati society into two groups. One opposing the construction of the dam consists of indigenous and displaced people and the other supporting group of urban people who were expecting the benefits out of such project.
Political-
Amidst of all these political events, the state government in Gujarat has been accused of mishandling the protest and indulging into human rights’ violations.
Economic-
Conclusion
The Sardar Sarovar dam has finally been completed and dedicated to the nation by the honorable Prime Minister of India. However the struggle ensued during the last two decades against the constructions of the dams would stand as an example for the future movements and may ensure the preservation of rights of the affected people while maintaining the pace of the infrastructural development.
Topic: Social empowerment
2. The country’s demographic dividend will be wasted if women largely stay out of our labour market. Examine the various impediments for women to participate in the labour force. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint , Insights on India
Why the question:
As the labour market currently stands, our female labour force participation rate (FLFPR) is one of the lowest in the world (by World Bank data). Further, it remains in declining mode, having fallen from 30.5% in 2000 to 21.1% in 2019, and 18.6% in 2020, by International Labour Organisation figures
Key Demand of the question:
To write about economic and social causes for declining female labour force participation rate (FLFPR) and its impact.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving statistic regarding declining female labour force participation rate (FLFPR) in India despite high growth.
Body:
In the first part, mention the economic causes behind declining female labour force participation rate (FLFPR) – educational enrolment of young women, lack of employment opportunities, effect of household income on participation etc.
Next, mention the social causes behind declining female labour force participation rate (FLFPR) – educational attainment, fertility rates and the age of marriage, social norms, Violence etc.
Next, write about the impact of the above and suggest steps to overcome the same.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Introduction
While gender gaps in education and nutrition have been closing over time the disadvantaged position of women is very visible in the labour market. Women Labour force participation is only 25% in India whereas the global average is 60%, to become world power, we cannot afford women to be out of service.
Body
Reasons for women staying out of labour market
There are non-economic, social and cultural factors over and above the economic factors. When increase in family incomes are there, due to the cultural factors, women leave the work to take care of the family.
Measures that are required to overcome this trend
Conclusion and way forward
Value addition
Statistics on women issues
Even pre-pandemic, a Time Use Survey conducted by the National Sample Survey Office showed that women spent nearly 4.5 hours on childcare and other care-giving responsibilities, in contrast with the meagre 0.88 hours for men.
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
3. Critically analyse the proposed Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022, in safeguarding the privacy of individuals and upholding the right to privacy of the citizens. Compare the proposed bill with the privacy laws of other countries. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint , Indian Express
Why the question:
The latest draft of the data protection law — the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022 (DPDP Bill, 2022) — has now been made open for public comments and the government is expected to introduce the Bill in Parliament in the budget session of 2023.
Key Demand of the question:
To analyse the proposed Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022, its potential and limitations in upholding right to privacy.
Directive word:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about the aims and objectives of Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022.
Body:
In the first part, write about the major provisions of Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022.
Next, write about the positives of the bill in ensuring adequate safeguards in upholding the right to privacy.
Next, write about the major shortcomings of the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022.
Next, compare the bill with the privacy of laws of the major countries like E.U, China, U.S and suggest major things that can be incorporated from them.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Introduction
The new Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022 released on Friday (November 18) is focused on personal data, as compared to an earlier unwieldy draft. The personal data protection bill has been in the works for about five years. The first draft of the Bill was presented by an expert panel headed by Justice B.N. Srikrishna in July 2018, after a year-long consultation process.
Body
Features of the bill
Positives of the current Bill
Issues with the current Bill
Privacy laws of other countries
Conclusion
The reworked version of the data protection Bill, released three months after the Govt withdrew an earlier draft, eases cross-border data flows and increases penalties for breaches. But it gives the Centre wide-ranging powers and prescribes very few safeguards. A thorough stakeholder consultation is required before the Bill is tabled.
Topic: Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
4. Anti-microbial resistance (AMR) has been recognised as a ‘silent pandemic’ and is a global public health threat with India’s ability being limited to fight it. Evaluate the role of one health approach in dealing with growing AMR? (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth
Why the question:
Antibiotics in food animals play a significant role in human health, making antimicrobial resistance (AMR) an essential environmental and public health issue.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about concerns surrounding AMR, its causes, measures to deal with it and role of one health approach in this regard.
Directive word:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming an opinion here.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Define AMR and its causes.
Body:
First, write about the why there is global cause of concern – Superbug, Multi drug resistance to bacterium and viruses, Increased cost of treatment, prolonged hospitalisation, increased mortality and less effective inoculation.
Next, write about the various initiatives to tackle AMR – Global Action Plan on AMR, World Anti-microbial awareness week, Delhi Declaration on AMR, National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance etc. Evaluate its efficacy.
Next, write about the one health approach and the initiatives it offers in dealing with AMR.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Introduction
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of a microorganism (like bacteria, viruses, and some parasites) to stop an antimicrobial (such as antibiotics, antivirals and antimalarials) from working against it. As a result, standard treatments become ineffective, infections persist and may spread to others.
Antibiotic resistance is specifically related to bacteria resisting an antibiotic against it while treating a bacterial infection.
Body
Reasons for growing antimicrobial resistance
Impact of Anti-microbial resistance
Conclusion
Antimicrobial resistance is a global crisis that threatens a century of progress in health and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. Unless the world acts urgently, antimicrobial resistance will have disastrous impact within a generation.
Value Addition
Global and local efforts and measures
On July 19, 2019, the Central Government banned the manufacture, sale and distribution of Colistin and its formulations for food producing animals, poultry, aqua farming and animal feed supplements with immediate effect to prevent AMR.
Topic: money laundering and its prevention.
5. Cryptocurrencies can make it easy to obscure the source of criminal proceeds and are increasingly becoming the preferred currency because cryptocurrency offers a combination of anonymity, ease of use and the ability to circumvent international borders and regulations, in essence, to launder the ill-gotten proceeds. Examine. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about how cryptocurrency has facilitated money laundering and measures needed to prevent it.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by giving context regarding the challenges posed by cryptocurrency.
Body:
First, explain in detail as to how crypto can facilitate money laundering and challenges it poses for the enforcement agencies to tack and analyse it.
Next, write about the measures that are needed to ensure this growing technology is regulated and challenges associated with it are overcome.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
Introduction
Cryptocurrencies can make it easier for fraudsters to obscure the source of criminal proceeds and are increasingly becoming the preferred currency of cybercriminals, from purchasing illicit goods using Bitcoin as a payment method to ransomware attacks where payments by Bitcoin are demanded. This trend is more prevalent because cryptocurrency offers a combination of anonymity, ease of use and the ability to circumvent international borders and regulations, in essence, to launder the ill-gotten proceeds.
Body
Cryptocurrency as a source of criminal activity
Cryptocurrency shielding criminal activity
Conclusion and way forward
Topic: Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security;
6. What are the major challenges to India’s cyber security? How have emerging technologies complicated the existing challenges? How can they be addressed? (250 words)
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about India’s traditional cybersecurity challenges as well challenges posed by emerging technology and ways to address them.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context of the cyber security scenario in India.
Body:
First, write about the major cyber security challenges of India – cyber-attacks, lack of infrastructure, digital illiteracy etc.
Next, write about how emerging technologies such as 5G, IoT, cryptocurrency, Metaverse etc have complicated the cyber-security scenario in the country.
Mention the steps that can be taken in the above regard to address the above-mentioned challenges.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Introduction
Cyber security or information technology security are the techniques of protecting computers, networks, programs and data from unauthorized access or attacks that are aimed for exploitation. It protects cyberspace from damage, sabotage and economic espionage.
According to Symantec Report, India is the 5th most vulnerable nation to cybersecurity breach.
Body
Major challenges to India’s cyber security by emerging technologies
India’s cyber-security strategy and redressal of cybercrimes
National initiatives
Laws/Policies determining cybersecurity
International coordination
Measures required to counter the above in policy making
Conclusion
India must develop core skills in data integrity and data security fields, to ensure protection of user data as well as security of critical infrastructure. Expertise of the private sector must be leveraged to build capabilities. Meanwhile user awareness is equally necessary to prevent them from becoming victims of cybercrime.
New foundation for a global law on cybersecurity must be laid. It will help in guiding national legislation or policy against cybercrimes. Cyber-Deterrence must be ingrained in the policy on cybersecurity with both defensive and offensive approach.
Rapid capacity building and Skill development in cyber space is required considering the fact that India’s IT segment accounts for 51 percent share of the IT-BPM sector (2018-19).
Topic: Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour;
7. Altruism is acting to help someone else at some cost to oneself. Discuss. (150 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: plato.stanford.edu
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Conceptual Tuesdays’ in Mission-2023 Secure.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Define altruism.
Body:
Elaborate, Everyday life is filled with small acts of altruism, from holding the door for strangers to giving money to people in need. News stories often focus on grander cases of altruism, such as a man who dives into an icy river to rescue a drowning stranger or a donor who gives thousands of dollars to a local charity.
Conclusion:
Summarise by highlighting the importance of altruism in present day and the need to use it for positive outcomes.
Introduction
Altruism is defined as acting in the best interests of others rather than one’s own. When a person’s behavior is motivated by a desire to help someone other than oneself, it is referred to as altruistic behavior.
Ethical altruism is an ethical doctrine that states that people have a moral obligation to help, serve, or benefit others, even if it means sacrificing their own interests. To put it another way, an action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable for everyone except the agent.
Body
Altruism and criticism
Nonetheless, most moral philosophers hold altruistic actions in high regard and believe they play a role in morality. Mildly altruistic moral principles, on the other hand, may be rejected by altruistic principles that require extreme personal sacrifices.
People’s moral judgments are often driven by emotion. And empathy for others seems to encourage altruism. Another emotion, called “elevation,” appears to inspire altruistic behavior, too. We feel elevation when we see another person act virtuously, such as by helping someone in need. Altruism also builds social connections. For example, studies show that people who are altruistic tend to be happier, to be healthier, and to live longer. So, while altruism leads us to do what’s best for others, it also makes us good human beings.
Conclusion
Altruism is a vital component of a good society precisely because one cannot anticipate all the occasions on which people may need to be helped, and therefore cannot formally assign duties to help. In a dog-eat-dog world where there is cut throat competition to survive or gain power over others, expectations of altruism personally or between nations is a distant dream. Yet, humans need to find better ways of sharing the burden of altruism so that everyone helps sometimes, and no one is required to sacrifice himself completely to altruistic causes.
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